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- Graham, John Hamilton. Letters on public education in Lower Canada - Second series - (Reprinted with some additions, from many of the leading newspapers of the province). Montreal, John Lovell, 1866. 28 p. ISBN 0-665-49550-1.
"LETTER II. The Superintendent's statement, that my three former letters in the Montreal Herald take up eighteen columns in that paper, is more than three hundred per cent beyond truth.
GARNEAU'S HISTORY The Hon. gentleman deliberately tells the readers of his educational journals, that my extracts from Garneau's History of Canada, «are taken from the preface to the large work published in French in three volumes.»
The veracity of this statement will appear, when it is known that only about one-half of the historically false and seditious lines quoted by me were taken from the preface, and the remaining half from the introductory chapter of the first volume, and from near the end of the second; and, moreover, that they were all taken from Bell's traslantion in two volumes, - the only edition, as yet, accessible to English students who do not understand the French (as is the case with most of the Protestant common school teachers.) Besides, some of the most virulent passages from the preface, were those added by the author to a late third edition, after he had received, as he asserts, certain official and other precious documents; and hence he was to be held to a stricter account for doctrines having a tendancy to generate rebellion.
And although Mr. Bell, in translating, used a very kindly hand in occasionally extracting the sting from envenomed passages, yet what unpardonable guilt is cleraly manifest in propagating, as history, the paragraphs and chapters, of which the following phrases may serve as key-notes:
French canadians are taught to look upon the British and the English-speaking canadians as their «bitterest foes,» «their baffled oppressors,» «the reigning oligarchy (in Canada) furious at not having had an opportunity to shed rebel gore on the scaffold, and as being bent on having their thirst for blood slaked, and «Canada being treated like Ireland, where Catholics and Dissenters, alike, have to pay tithes to Church of England Parsons,» etc., etc.
And after having praise-bespattered the United Sates in his introductory chapter, yet, when in the midst of the slaveholders' rebellion, he fancies he sees the young republic in the throes of dissolution, he must needs turn a pitiaple prophet, and rush into print, affixing a concluding chapter, which, in substance, when epitomised, is about as follows:
Scotland, in her union with England, reluctantly suffered the absorption of her nationality, yet French-Canadian nationality cannot be so destroyed, because it always remains attached to "French Nationality;" and the "soul of France ceases not to be spread among the inhabitants of the banks of the St. Lawrence, now numbering nearly a million." And after "darkly hinting" at the early decadence and dismemberment of the British Empire, and prophesying the formation of «several
[p. 5] nations,» out of the now United States, he exhorts French Canadians to defend and preserve their laws and nationality, in view of the separate independence which is in store for them in the immediate furure.
Let Mr. Garneau and his co-sympathisers bear in mind that they who thus sow the wind will be very likely to reap the whirlwind; and should the teachings of this disloyal book, uncounteracted, be suffered to produce their legitimate fruits of civil revolt, these men, like their cournterparts in the South, may be sadly mistaken in some of the results they anticipated. And while Mr. Garneau talks of the oppressions of his race in Canada, I take the liberty of reminding him that his countrymen are here in the assured possession of liberty even now unknown and unenjoyed in his fatherland; and it may be the part of wisdom for Mr. Garneau, the author, and Mr. Chauveau, the endorser, to remember that, had they put forth in «old France» a «History» containing such statements concerning its government as there are in this mis-named Canadian history against the government and people of Her Most Gracious Majesty, in all human probability, ere this, they would have been deprived of «personal liberty,» or, perchance, have mysteriously glided away to the «land o' the leal.»
As has been intimated, it is a sad misuse of language to call Garneau's a history of Canada. By sufferance, it may be named a history of a part of Lower Canada, and other French settlements in North America; for Upper Canada is noticed but incidentally, and the Eastern Townships and their people are hardly worth speaking of at all; and although English students must use Bell's translation, and since the incomplete work of Mrs. Roy has been recommended by the Council, for reasons which may hereafter be tbrought to light and instead of having a translation of Mr. Garneau's officially styled «Best History of Canada,» or having a school history of the Province prepared by some able English-speaking scholar; a skeleton abridgment in French only of Mr. Garneau's has been put into use by the Council of Public Instruction, the animus of which may be judged by the following characteristic extract:
«L'Union avait été de tout temps la pensée secrète du parti anglais de Montréal, dont l'hostilité contre les anciens habitants augmentait tous les jours avec le désir de les dominer. L'avarice et l'ambition nourrissaient cette hostilité, qui dégénérait en une haine profonde, qu'il faisait partager à l'Angleterre à la faveur des préjugés nationaux et des calomnies. Ce parti avait exclusivement l'oreille du peuple anglais; le bureau colonial recevait toutes ses inspirations de lui, et les gouverneurs embrassaient presque toujours sa cause en arrivant au Canada, afin de s'assurer de son influence à Londres où les Canadiens étaient regardés comme des étrangers.»
TRANSLATION
«The union (of the two Canadas) was always the secret wish of the English party in Montreal, whose hostility toward the French-descended inhabitants increased daily, along with their desire to domineer
[p. 6] over them. Both their avarice and ambition nourished this hostility which degenerated into a profound hatred, which they caused to be shared in England, by means of national prejudices and their calumnies.
This party, the British in Montreal, exclusively held the ear of the people of England; and the Colonial office received all its inspirations from them; and the governors, on arriving in Canada, almost always threw themselves into their arms, in order to secure for themselves their influence in London, where the (French) Canadians were looked apon [sic] as aliens.»
The men now controlling our educational destinies, are not even willing to let the past bury its dead, but, with the people's money, under the sacred sanction of teaching "history" to the youth of the land, are doing their utmost to aggravate all former evils (which good men desire to be bygones), and are thereby stirring up bittterness and even intense hatred between those who should, if possible, be induced to live together in peace.
Richmon, C.E., 21st April, 1865.
[p. 7] NUMBER IV GRAND BOOK CONCERN The Superintendent of Schools has purposed to establish under the direction of his office, a grand central depot in Montreal, and branch depots in different parts of the Province, from whence the dear people can more readily than otherwise procure all the books, papers, maps, charts, etc., which shall have been recommended by the Council of Public Instruction for exclusive use in all the schools in Lower Canada receiving public money. This proposition comes coupled with the intimation that Dr. Ryerson is said to have made a "good thing" out of a somewhat similar operation in Upper Canada. But to say nothing of the "pickings" which might thus be added to $4000 salary, has the experience of one "Queen's Printership" been of no avail?* (*It is stated on what is considered reliable authority, that the Council has given a large publishing contract to one of its own members; so that the Upper Canada education office «casual-advantage» and «book-monopoly» warfares, seem likely to be waged here with increased bitterness.
[p. 8] NUMBER XII SCHOOL BOOKS. Sir, - The following specimen extracts, without note or comment, taken from one book only, will enable the people to judge of the character and
[p. 19] tendency of some books proposed to be authoritatively introduced into many of the schools of the Provinces and after the 1st day of July next.
«- Land of Erin, Outwardly thou art in rags, poverty-stricken, famine-stricken, and bleeding under blows inflicted by legal persecutors and unfeeling butchers.»
«In the war for independence with Protestant England, Catholic France came generously and effectually to our assistance, &c.»
«The infidel philosophy of the last age was the child of the Reformation. Towards the close of the 16th century, a set of deists had sprung up in Protestant Switzerland. * * Boyle, who at the commencement of 18th century, introduced infidelity into France was a Protestant; and so was Rousseau, the eloquent apostle of deism, and who did nothing more than to develop the principles of Protestantism.»
«It cannot be denied that since the sixteenth century European civilizations has shown life and brilliancy; but it is a mistake to attribute this phenomenon to Protestantism.»
* * * «Without Protestantism and before it, European civilization was already far advanced, thanks to the labours and influence of the Catholic religion: that greatness and splendour which it subsequently displayed were not owing to it (Protestantism) but arose in spite of if.»
Protestants are styled «our over-zealous, but not over-wise Bible and Sabbath Christians of the day.»
Richmond, C.E., 10th Jany., 1866. NUMBER XIII SCHOOL BOOKS AND WHAT SOME OF THEM CONTAIN. I have received a quasi official intimation that some, at least of the monstrous articles quoted by me, in my last letter, will be struck out of a «revised edition of 1865, for Canada,» of the 4th Reader of the Sadlier & Co., New York and Montreal metropolitan series, before its use, under the proposed penalty, shall actually be enforced in any of the schools of Lower Canada.
Relying on this assurance, I beg to submit, that not only all those be wholly expunged, but that the expurgation go on, till hardly one-half is left of this dangerous and intolerant book.
What is the object of parading in it, biographic, ecclesiastical sketches of some dozen or more of the late leading perverts to the R.C. faith, about half of whom are from the Anglican Church in Britain and the United Sates?
The year 1865 has gone by, and it seems the promised edition for that year has not appeared; and yet, ever since its recommendation by the Council, the use and sale of the unmodified fourth book, have gone on just as hitherto, and it is even now, supplied by the publishers to the «trade» as being the «edition of 1865 for Canada,» which, I expect the patient public will ere long authoritatively informed, is yet in the future.
[p. 20] It is no unfounded cause of regret, that this book has been so long in use in public Schools in Canada, that very many of the youth have become as familiar with the pervert Haskin's description of Ireland's British rulers, as being «legal and unfeeling butchers,» as they are with their Ave Marias.
It is very doubtful if any one of the Fenians lately sentenced to «transportation for life,» was convicted of having said or written anything worse than the above, which unreproved is being taught daily in the public schools of Canada.
Add to the foregoing consideration, that in large numbers of intermediate and other schools receiving public money, there are very many ecclesiastics, nuns, and other members of R.C. organizations, engaged in teaching, who are exempted by law from examination as to their qualifications; and of what they are teaching the public have known to show from other recommended books also, the character and tendencies of some of their teachings. Take a specimen lesson from one of them on «The Authority of che Church,» - of which the following is really the «text:» -«The voice of the pastors is therefore the voice of God» (Eng. Ed.). - La voix des pasteurs est donc la voix de Dieu même.» (French Ed.). Pray, what is the voice of the government of the realm or of the Province, when it differs, as often it must , from the voice of the priests? In such cases which are the people taught to obey? Would this «imperium in imperio» tend to the perpetuity of the proposed «new nationalty?»
Take another daily lesson on Christian charity! from the abhorrent dogma that «outside the R.C. Church, there is no salvation;» - that «Pagans, Mahometans, Jews, heretics, (Protestants, &c.), and poor savages,» are beyond the pale of salvation. Is this the way to promote unity and good will among the people? Is it not quite useless for politicians and others longer to reiterate that the extreme doctrines of the late «Encyclical» are not to be enforced in Canada? What a hue and cry would be raised if such-like dogmas were taught in other schools.
The real question is not, what books shall be introduced by law into Protestant or R.C. schools, but what books are to be introduced into the public schools of Lower Canada.
Richmond, C.E., 23 rd Jany., 1866. NUMBER XIV THE RECENT SCHOOL-BOOK ORDER. If it were necessary for the Council of Public Instruction to forbid the use of all other books published in New England or elsewhere in the United States (many of which are now in such general use in the Eastern Townships) on account, as is alleged, of their Americanizing tendencies, why, forsooth, has the Sadlier & Company New York series been introduced -
[p. 21] whose use an american Roman Catholic Bishop has urgently recommended, because it out-Herods all other American compilations for schools in this very respect?
I yield to no one in my admiration of what is really great and good among the people, and in the institutions of the American Republic; but I protest against importing into this Province, and by threat of losing their share of the public money, enforcing in schools, the use of books which are excrescent vampires on the body-politics of the United Sates.
Has it come to this, that, by the edict of the Council, we are to be obliged for many years to come to import at very high prices most of our school books from New York, London and Paris?
Is it this the way to encourage home talent and enterprise, and cultivate among us a much needed spirit of patriotic Nationality?
Would the smallest state in the American Union pursue a course so suicidal?
Had the deliberations of the Council been prudently directed with a view to the best interests of the country, there has been ample time since its organization to have had nearly all our ordinary school books prepared by eminent canadian teachers, and most of them could have been published here in the county at a much lower rate than has to be paid for foreign books.
But instead of encouraging able and successful teachers to aid in preparing first-class books for our public and other schools, as is done elsewhere, and as some of our best educators would have been glad to have done, with little or no pecuriary reward - nearly the opposite course has been pursued; and several of the adopted Canadian school books are so poor by contrast, that many parents and teachers rather than use them, will adopt and cheerfully pay any reasonable price for American books; and that too, quite irrespective of any penalty the Council has power to inflict.
Associations of teachers and individual instructors, have frequently called the attention of the Council to this, and such like important matters; but most of their suggestions have been pretty much unheeded, and hence the present crisis.
As to the obnoxious character of some of the books recommended, it is now intimated by authority, that there are things in Pinnock's C. of Hist. of Eng., obnoxious to Catholics. Since I only ask what is the common right of both Catholic and Protestant - my reply is, let Pinnock's Historical Catechism be amended in its form of statement concerning the «Gunpowder Plot;» or of any other part of it, or of any other book, justly offensive to the Papists; so that this may no longer serve as an excuse for the continued use of intolerant and seditious books which will, by and by, bear their bitter fruits.
The time, even in Lower Canada, is fast approaching, when the «priests»of no church, will be permitted to have by law, the «exclusive right» to introduce into public schools, what books they please on «religion,» (i.e. sectarianism) and that too, whether the «people» will or no; - the time is fast approaching when «ecclesiastics» will not be permitted to control most of the public schools, and teach of have taught therein what they please.
[p. 22] The proof is becoming more alarmingly evident every day, that the instruction generally given in Ecclesiastical parish schools, does not fit the youth to perform even the ordinary duties of every day life under a free responsible government.
Richmond, C.E., 17th Feb., 1866. NUMBER XV THE COUNCIL, - ITS EDICT, &C. The great multiplicity of school books has often taxed the paticence and the purses of many a parent; and has helped to defeat the best efforts of many a faithful teacher.
It has been supposed by many, that one of the chief objects of the Council of Public Instruction, by its recent book-order, was to secure a uniformity of books for the public schools.
Let me appeal to parents and practical teachers to decide from the following whether the late edict of the Council will even tend to secure the much desired uniformity.
ARITHMETICS. The Council has already recommended the three following Arithmetics for common schools alone:-
- 1. Arithmetic of the Irish National series.
2. Walkinghame's [sic] Arithmetic, and
3. Sangster's Elementary Arithmetic.
Here, then, are three different arithmetics for common schools alone, constructed on very different plans, without the advantages of a graduated series, by three different authors, and requiring to be prefixed by an elementary book besides. One teacher will direct the pupils to purchase the Irish arithmetic, - the next winter another teacher will tell them they must get Walkinghame's, for he thinks they have used that plebeian book clad in cotton-cloth long enough; and the succeeding teacher will prefer Sangster's, among other reasons, because it is Upper Canadian. So it will go, unless the parents, or some other authorities, take the matter into their own hands, - Council or no Council.
GEOGRAPHIES. Two works of geography have already been approved, namely, -
1.- Lovell's General Geography for Common Schools, Model Schools and Academies.
[p. 23] 2.- Campbell's Modern School Geography for Common and Model Schools.
There must at least be added an elementary geography as introductory to these. Here there are two different geographies for common schools, by two different compilers, and having none of the advantages of graduation.
I prefer to say nothing at present about the character of either of these books. The action of the Council, if carried out in reference to the preceeding books alone, would make the present confusion worse confounded.
THE NEW YORK SERIES OF READERS. At the end of about four years after its special introduction into Canada, and nine months after the recommendation by the Council of the first four books of the Sadlier & Company New York Metropolitan Series, with the parenthetic clause (edition of 1865 for Canada), appended to the 4th Book, - a revided edition has lateley appeared (1866), having only the following one and a half lines of the monstrous passages quoted by me, expunged, namely, (Ireland) - «bleeding under blows inflicted by legal persecutors and unfeeling butchers.» That even so much advancement is being made against so gigantic a course of wrong-doings, no one has more reason to rejoice than I, who have had the Providential favour of exposing what is fraught with imminent danger to the country.
Who, of the uninitiated, would have known that schools supported by public money were being made nurseries of bigoted intolerance, - hatred of races, - priestly supremacy, and even sedition, but for the exposures during the past year and a half? Who believes that any steps towards reform would have been taken but for this same agitation?
REPLY TO OPPONENTS This and my two last letters are deemed a sufficient reply, at present to the True Witness, - to its master and all his subordinates.
I have just now, to thank the True Witness for four things: - First. For its former «bull» issued against me. Second. for its present futile and evasive reply. Third. For its newly fledged lawyer transparency of beginning its effort by endeavouring to belittle its antagonist, and then devoting two double-leaded columns in vainly attempting his overthrow, and fourth, for its reference to Ireland and its national system of public schools, which the priests, by forbidding the people to patronize, have caused nearly a whole generation to grow up in the grossest ignoracnce: and hence one of the main causes of Ireland's present lamentable condition, as compared with Scotland or Wales.
I deeply sympathize with Irishmen in regard to their country; but I hold many of them to be sadly mistaken as to the real causes of her troubles; and the proper method of getting rid of them; but what most deeply concerns us is, how far similar causes are at work here in Lower
[p. 24] Canada to produce similar results. I purpose to show, by incontrovertible facts, that the parellelism educationally, and in other collateral respects, is even more than complete
THE COUNCIL TO BE IMPEACHED The whole Council including the Superintendent, who is a member of it, ought to be impeached for the exercise of illegal and dangerous powers. It has no legal right ro recommend and enforce the use of books on Greligion» in any schools whatever, Catholic or Protestant; and yet it has done the former, and has announced its purpose of doing the latter on and after the first day of July, 1866.
A number of the books already "approved" by the Council, are treatrises on the Catholic «religion,» some of them beginning with a corruption of the «ten commandments,» and going on through «confession,» «indulgences,» and all the other well known gradations to «purgatory.»
The Council has virtually organized itsel into a «Propaganda» of the Roman Church.
The dangerous, - nay perilous power of exercising the «exclusive right» to introduce into schools what books they please on «religion,» above the Council, and above the School Commissioners, is, by law, in the hands of the «priests,» and by a consummate sham, in the hands of the «officiating ministers,» - and as I pointed out in the case of nearly an entire municipality in lettre No. X, - (second series) the «priest» can enforce this tyrannous law in «mixed schools, whether the Commissioners or people will or no, - and actually drive Protestants out of school-houses, most of the money for building which, has come out of their pockets.
No free people on earth, but those in Lower Canada and the Townships, would long tolerate such priestly tyranny. And to my certain knowledge there are many roman Catholics who agree with me in this.
It now remains to be seen whether the minds of the people of the Townships have become so debauched by political and other demoralizing comprimises and concessions, that the spirit of British law, and of civil and religious liberty has been wholly crushed out of them.
Richmond, C.E., 27th Feby., 1866.»
[p. 25] - 1. Arithmetic of the Irish National series.
- xxx. "Notice of Books and Recent Publications", Journal of education, 10, 1(January 1866):14.
"The metropolitan fourth reader. - Arranged expressly for the Catholic schools in Canada. Montreal; 1866. - 8vo, vi, 480 pp. D. & J. Sadlier & Co.
When it was officially announced that the Metropolitan series of Readers had been approved by the Council of Public Instruction, on the recommendation of the Roman Cahtolic members of the Committee on Books, it was also stated «that the Fourth Reader was only approved on the condition that certain specified changes would be made therein.» The changes referred to, as will be seen by the new edition recently issued, consisted in substituting lessons of Canadian History for matter better suited to the schools of the other side of the line than those of Canada. As regards the articles which may be objected to from a Protestant point of view, it was not intended that the book should be forced upon the Protestant children, any more than the teaching of Goldsmith's Catechism of the History of England, which has been approved on the recommendation of the Protestant members of the Committee, should be made compulsory in Catholic schools. As we frequently had occasion to explain, the object which the Council had in view in classifying the books into several categories, was to apprise parents, teachers and local School Boards of the religious tendendencies by which each is characterised.
There are several series of Readers intended for Protestant schools which are now under the consideration of the Council. We must also call the attention of our readers to a very excellent book approved on the recommendation of the whole Committee, and which will suit equally well Protestant and Catholic children - we mean Rev. Mr. Borthwick's British Ameridan Reader."
- xxx. "Official notices", Journal of education, 10, 3-4(March-April 1866):39.
"Books to be used in the public schools.
The council of Public Instruction for Lower Canada, at a special meeting held on the eleventh instant, considering that the list of Books to be exclusively used in schools of various grades has not yet been completed, resolved to extend to the First July, 1867, the delay appointed by their Order of the month of May last, prohibiting, under forfeiture of the Government grants, the use of unapproved books. Which resolution has been confrmed by His Excellency the Governor General in Council."
- xxx. "Bulletin des publications et des réimpressions les plus récentes", Journal de l'instruction publique", 10, 5(mai 1866):71-74.
"Toussaint. Traité élémentaire d'Arithmétique, par F. X. Toussaint, professeur de mathématiques à l'Ecole Normale Laval. Québec, 1860; 150 p. in-12. Côté et Cie.
C'est un abrégé, destiné aux écoles élémentaires et aux écoles modèles, du traité plus complet que l'auteur a publié il y a quelque temps et dont nous avons parlé. Il est suivi d'une table des monnaies, poids et mesures. C'est, croyons-nous, l'intention de M. Toussaint de soumettre cet ouvrage à l'approbation du Conseil de l'Instruction Publique." (p. 73).
- xxx. "Notices of Books and Recent Publications", Journal of education, 10, 5(May 1866):70.
"Toussaint. - Traité élémentaire d'Arithmétique par F.X. Toussaint, professeur de mathématiques à l'Ecole Normale Laval. Côté et Cie., Québec; 1866. - 12 mo, 150 pp.
This treatise on arithmetic, which is intended for elementary and model schools, is an abridgment of the larger text-book published by Mr. Toussaint some time ago and noticed in this journal. A table of moneys, weights and measures has been added. We believe it is the intention of the author to submit the work for the approval of the Council of Public Instruction."
- xxx. "Bulletin des Publications et des Réimpressions les plus récentes", Journal de l'instruction publique", 10, 7(juill.-août 1866):107-110.
"Graham: Letters on Public Education in Canada, by J. H. Graham, A. M., in-8, 28 p. John Lovell.
Cette seconde série de lettres contient la réédition d'avancés qui ont déjà été réfutés, et quelques nouvelles assertions qui ne sont pas mieux fondées. M. Graham propose gravement un impeachment contre les membres du Conseil de l'Instruction Publique pour avoir donné leur approbation à un livre intitulé; [sic] le Devoir du Chrétien. La série des livres de lecture dite Metropolitan est vivement attaquée, et les attaques sont justifiées au moyen d'extraits faits de l'ancienne édition qui n'a pas été approuvée, de même que les attaques faites contre l'abrégé de l'Histoire du Canada de M. Garneau pour les écoles, sont soutenues pour la plupart au moyen de citations du grand ouvrage en trois volumes. Nous regrettons que l'espace ne nous permette point de donner d'autres échantillons du savoir-faire de l'auteur. Nous renvoyons nos lecteurs à la brochure en leur recommandant surtout la page 10, où ils apprendront que l'évêque et les prêtres du Séminaire de Québec sont des franciscains et possèdent 693,294 acres des terres publiques, dont il propose de séquestrer au moins une partie!" (p.109).
- xxx. "Notices of Books and Recent Publications", Journal of education, 10, 8(August 1866):108.
"Graham. Letters on Public Education in Canada. By J.A. Graham, A.M. A Pamplet [sic] - 8vo; pp. 28. Montreal; Lovell.
This series of Letters is a reprint of allegations which have already been refuted, accompanied with certain additional assertions, which are likewise without foundation. Mr. Graham gravely proposes to impeach the members of the Council of Public Instruction for having approved the book entitled: The Duty of the Christian, and also decidedly objects to the series known as the Metropolitan Readers, although he endeavors to justify his objections chiefly by means of extracts made from the old edition of these books, which has not been approved. The same may be said with regard to Garneau's abridged History of Canada for the use of schools, most of the objections raised against it being based on no better grounds than quotations from the large work in three volumes. We regret that want of space will not permit us to give further specimens of the author's ingenuity in the premises, and can only refer our readers to the pamphlet; we would call their attention more particularly to page 10, where they will be informed that the bishop and the priests of the Seminary of Quebec belong to the order of St. Francis ande possess 693,294 acres of the public lands, of which the author proposes to sequestrate at least a part!"
[...]
Bullion. - Revised Edition of Bullion's Analytical and PracticalGrammar of the English Language; 12 mo. 324 pp. Toronto, 1866. Miles.
This a very complete school book. It contains, besides the Grammar, rules on versification, selections in prose and poetry to be used as exercises in analysis and parsing, a vocabulary and a brief exposition of the principles of English composition." (p. 108)[...]
Juneau. - Traité de Calcul mental à l'usage des Ecoles canadiennes. By J. E. Juneau, School Inspector. Quebec; 1866. -12mo, 92 pp.
Lacasse. - Tenue des Livres en Partie simple et en Partie double, ou Comptabilité générale. By Napoléon Lacasse, Professor in Laval Normal School. Quebec; 1866. - 8vo, 212 pp.
These two hand-books have been approved by the Council of Public Instruction for Lower Canada, as may be seen by referring to our official notices in this number. (p. 109).
- xxx. "Official notices", Journal of education, 10, 8(August 1866):101.
"Books approved.
His Excellency the Governor General in Council was pleased, on the 3rd July, 1866, to sanction the resolution passed by the Council of Public Instruction for Lower Canada at its semi-annual meeting, held on the 13th June, 1866, approving of the following books for the use of the schools, viz.,
For Elementary Schools:
Grammaire Française. By F.P.B.
Lectures instructives et amusantes en Manuscrit. By F.P.B.For both Model and Elementary Schools:
Traité de Calcul Mental. By F.E. Juneau.
Traité Elémentaire d'Arithmétique. By F.X. Toussaint.
Tenue des Livres en Partie Double et en Partie Simple. By Napoléon Lacasse."
- xxx. "Official notices", Journal of education, 10, 11-12(November-December 1866):149.
"Books approved.
His Excellency the Governor General in Council was pleased, on the 15th October, 1866, to sanction the Resolution of the Council of Public Instruction for Lower Canada approving of the following Books for the use of Public Schools, viz:
For Academies:
1. Elementary Latin Grammar. By Dr. Leonard Schmitz. Published by R. Chambers.2. Elementary Latin Exercises. By the same, and published by the same.
3. Grammar of the Latin Language. By the same, and published by the same.
4. Advanced Latin Exercises. By the same, and published by the same.
5. School Dictionary of the Latin Language. Published by W. R. Chambers.
6. Treatise on Practical Mathematics. Published by the same.For Academies and Model Schools:
1. La Grammaire complète de Poitevin.
2. Traité d'Analyse grammaticale. By the same.
3. Traité d'Analyse logique. By the same.
4. Cours complet de Dictée [sic]. By the same.For Elementary Schools:
1. Le Premier Livre de l'Enfance. By Poitevin
2. La Grammaire du Premier Age. By the same.
3. La Grammaire Elémentaire.By the same.
4. Cours gradués. By the same." (p. 149).
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